DEET Chemistry (Dimethyltoluamide)

If you live in an area with biting insects you have almost certainly encountered an insect repellent that uses DEET as its active ingredient. The chemical formula for DEET is N,N-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (N,N-dimethyl-m-toluamide). DEET was patented by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use in areas with heavy biting insect infestation. It is a broad-spectrum repellent that is effective against mosquitoes, flies, fleas, chiggers, and ticks. DEET has a good safety record and is less toxic to birds and other mammals than many other insect repellents, but all DEET products should be handled with care. DEET Safety DEET is absorbed through the skin, so it is important to use as low a concentration as is effective (10% or less for children) and as small an amount as is necessary. Up to a certain point, protection against insects increases with higher DEET concentration, but even low concentrations will protect against most bites. Some people experience irritation or an allergic reaction to DEET-containing products. DEET is toxic and potentially fatal if swallowed, so care should be taken to avoid applying repellent to hands or face or anything a child might put in the mouth. DEET should not be applied to areas with cuts or sores or around the eyes, since permanent eye damage can result from contact. High doses or long-term exposure to DEET have been associated with neurological damage. DEET can damage some plastics and synthetic fabrics, such as nylon and acetate, so be careful not to damage clothing or camping equipment. How DEET Works Biting insects use chemical, visual, and thermal cues to locate hosts. DEET is believed to work by blocking the chemical receptors for carbon dioxide and lactic acid, two of the substances released by our bodies that serve as attractants. Although DEET helps keep insects from locating people, there is probably more involved in DEETs effectiveness, since mosquitoes wont bite DEET-treated skin. However, skin only a few centimeters away from DEET is susceptible to bites. Recommendations for Using DEET Despite its hazards, DEET remains one of the safest and most effective insect repellents available. Here are some tips for using DEET safely: Reduce your need for repellent. Avoid behaviors that will attract biting insects (e.g., avoid strenuous exercise or eating lots of high sodium or potassium foods prior to going outdoors, which increase carbon dioxide release).Avoid applying chemicals that attract biting insects (e.g., floral-scented perfumes, scented sunscreens, dryer-sheet-scented clothes).Where possible, apply DEET-containing repellent to clothes rather than to skin.Apply DEET in a well-ventilated area.Avoid applying DEET to hands, the face, or any injured or sensitive skin.Avoid behaviors that will lessen the duration of DEET effectiveness (e.g., perspiration, rain, mixing with sunscreens).When you come indoors, wash off DEET-containing products using warm, soapy water.

Globalization The Road to Worldwide Peace and Prosperity...

Everybodys talking about Bagism, Shagism, Dragism, Madism Ragism, Tagism, this-ism, that-ism Ism ism ism All we are saying is give peace a chance Lyrics from the song, Give Peace A Chance by John Lennon Is globalism just another ism to be feared and loathed? Despite some obvious negative effects of globalism, or globalization, we need to recognize the potential of globalization to help achieve worldwide peace and prosperity. Many people have written papers demonstrating globalizations contribution to structural violence and income inequality. However, these problems stem from the current manifestation of globalization, not from its basic tenets. The ideals of free trade, global opportunity, and economic interaction†¦show more content†¦Whereas the Cold War era was characterized by protectionist policies and nationalistic beliefs that encouraged competition, the globalized world has the potential to be an integrated and interdependent group that aims to work together to benefit everyone. Once countries progress from a competitive focus on beating other nations, a cooperative union that takes advantage of world resources to defeat injustice and violence will be born. In her book on global monetary warfare, Hazel Henderson illustrates the economic advantages of globalization. In an economic model where all nations are interdependent, it is to the benefit of everyone to work towards financial growth and expansion. Increased economic prosperity would help fight poverty and other forms of structural violence as well as decrease the occurrence of difficult life conditions that often make individuals and groups susceptible to violence (Wagner and Long 211). In addition, traditional, primarily economically motivated wars between two or more nations would become unnecessary in a prosperous world. Most importantly, a globalized society would promote the ultimate cooperation needed to achieve true and complete peace. An integrated world would help destroy the divisions that plague communities around the globe by making every person, group, and nationShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Is A Process Of Interaction And Integration Among The People, Companies, And Countries1367 Words   |  6 PagesRebecca McCormick Globalization position paper Geography October 27, 2015 What is globalization? 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I Want Super Powers free essay sample

â€Å"I Want† Essay October 9th, 2012 Word Count: 542 I Want Super Powers I am a normal human being. I go to school. I go to work. I have my hobbies and my activities, but a part of me wants more. No longer do I want to stay bound to this Earth by gravity. No longer do I want this normal, average strength. No longer do I want to stand by and watch the world slip away into more bleakness and despair. I want super powers. How many times a day, do you wish that you had super powers? I know it happens at least a dozen times a day for me. And that’s on a slow day. Whenever I need to lift a heavy object, BOOM, super-strength would handle that. Anytime I needed to go somewhere, KAPOW, flight would be my answer. I don’t just want normal, stereotypical powers. I want the power to create my own powers. We will write a custom essay sample on I Want Super Powers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For any occasion or for any circumstance, I would be prepared. Think about it, the ability to craft powers around the situation would be perfect. Didn’t type your paper till the last minute? Super-speed has you covered on that; and that paper would be done in just a few short seconds. Don’t know the answers to the test? Mind read everyone in the class to pool the correct answers together. Or just read the teacher’s mind. The possibilities are endless and that’s why I want super powers. Who wouldn’t use these powers for personal use? I, myself, am an avid comic book reader, but hardly do I believe these do-gooders are only using their powers to fight crime. I would use it to help myself but I would also take up the path of being a hero. I wouldn’t just fight crime. I would fight poverty. I would fight world hunger. I would fight intolerance. I would fight genocide. I would fight all the big baddies facing our world today. If there was a physical way to fight the recession, I would fight that too. I would try my hardest to help the world through my super powers. But as comics have shown us, as well as the movie, The Incredibles, people might not want to be saved. Or have guardians of good, with the powers of Gods, patrolling the air while they sleep. Only time will tell. And the fact that no one has a super power might mean we will have to wait a long time. I know that I will never have super powers. I know that I will never be a leader of a super powered crime fighting team. I know these things won’t come true. And I am fine with this. In my life, I have my role models as super heroes and my characteristics, those are my powers. I may never be able to leap a tall building in a single bound or swing from skyscrapers on a thin web-line, but I am okay with this. My life is my comic book and I am the writer. I will decide if the bad guys win or if evil will be stumped at the end of the day. I will be my own superhero.

Walmart ecommerce ops Essay Example For Students

Walmart ecommerce ops Essay What is Wal-Mart dong that seems to fit a definition of successful e-commerce operations? What cold they do better? How does shopping on-line compare to your experience looking for a similar type of item at a bricks-and-mortar store? How does this site compare to other experiences youve had with e-commerce When you talk about Wal-Mart the first thing that you have to remember is that they are the largest retailer in the world. Wal-Mart employs more people in the United States than any other company and is second only to the federal government in the number of employees that they have on the payroll. These are important facts to consider in that due to their tremendous size, Wal-Mart has an enormous effect on the economy and the way that business is conducted. In many instances, if a company wants to continue to do business they have to either follow what Wal-Mart is doing or attempt to compete against Wal-Mart in some other fashion. It is not unreasonable to state that Wal-Mart is the reason why many businesses are in business today. We will write a custom essay on Walmart ecommerce ops specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They were forced out by the sheer size of Wal-Mart. So, with this in mind it is interesting to note that Wal-Mart ranks only third on the e-commerce scale behind Dell computers and Amazon. (Sullivan 2004) What is the reason for this? Its hard to say and point to one specific reason why Wal-Mart doesnt lead this list but maybe looking at the criteria outlined in the background reading will help to answer this question. (Wollan 2003) In the background reading a list of criteria is given that outlines the advantages of e-commerce as it relates to operations management. The companies that are able to capitalize on these are the ones that will be successful. Wal-Mart is able to capitalize and continues to do so as it improves and expands into the e-commerce environment. Some of these advantages are: Better availability of service Cost reduction in information processing Better of timeliness of service Better access to customer markets Initial cost of operations less expensive Operating costs of operations less expensive Better purchasing prices from suppliers Improved product development Improved scheduling Better supplier quality Some of these might not be as clear unless you take the time to understand how Wal-Mart operates. (Wal-Mart, 2005) Wal-Mart treats each of its different divisions as separate companies. The Wal-Mart Corporation consists of Wal-Mart stores, Sams Club, Wal-Mart International, and Walmart.com. Each of these entities is a separate company that is not dependent on the other. As such the success of the initial start up of the companies is not based on how well or poorly the corporation is doing. Further in the background readings, Dr. Wollan outlines eight areas that can be linked as critical success factors for the operations of e-commerce. Supply Chain Management Product and Process Design Management Purchasing Management Forecasting and Scheduling Management Inventory Management Quality Management Human Resource Management Reengineering and Consulting Management In my opinion the most important of these factors is the Supply Chain Management. If the customer is not able to get the product when they want it or the product is always sold out, they will go somewhere else. Wal-Mart has taken the role of leader in how suppliers will do business with companies. In August 2002, Wal-Mart told its suppliers they would have to start sending and receiving electronic data over the Internet. As a result, more than 98% of Wal-Marts Electronic Data Information (EDI) exchanges are done over the Internet using AS2 software. (Zimmerman 2003) This leads me back to my first point in that what Wal-Mart does others will do also. The suppliers began to get their AS2 infrastructures up and running in anticipation of other retailers that would follow suit. Lowes and Home Depot are now also using the AS2 software platform to conduct their business as well. Since Wal-Mart made their announcement, the company responsible for the development of the AS2 software, Isoft Corporation, has seen a 900% increase in their sales and have more than 1,0000 customers. There is not really a lot of room for improvement when talking about Walmart. .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8 , .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8 .postImageUrl , .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8 , .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8:hover , .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8:visited , .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8:active { border:0!important; } .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8:active , .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8 .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u102acc82dd5dbde67bd0ccdf707a23e8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fashion Of 16th Century Essaycom. The site is simple and easy to use. Perhaps the only downfall of Wal-Mart .com is that with the number of brick-and-mortar stores available to a customer why would they want to wait .

Analysis of Commonwealth Literature Does Not Exist Flashcard

Analysis of Commonwealth Literature Does Not Exist

Modern African Artists Their Struggle for Tradition and Self essays

Modern African Artists Their Struggle for Tradition and Self essays How does an artist work out of and from a tradition that has colonized his or her people' By colonizing one's people, one also colonizes the art of one's people. Indeed, through the act of colonization itself, a nation such as Britain has deemed an African's very self hood, very person not to be part of the artistic production of tradition, but merely an object of exploitation. African artists almost as a whole must grapple with the fact that their nation has been oppressed and colonized by Western forces, yet many of these artists also wish to draw upon the rich artistic resources of Moreover, these African artists do not wish to merely recopy and recapitulate old, African forms of art, nor could they, anymore than they could recopy and recapitulate aspects of African tribal art within their own social experience. Such African artists currently live in a world of modern commerce that valorizes the individual artistic experience, as opposed to the communal and tribal tradition that produced most traditional works of African art. They must appropriate both the West and their African pasts anew, to create works that are creative in their syncretism, and representative of both traditionsnot an easy task. African artists cannot entirely embrace the West, nor can they entirely reject it if they wish to move forward in their own nation's art, in their own self-expression as an artist in and individualistic and Western-influenced world, and also to profit personally as all artists must on some level. Rather than attempt to reconfigure their own traditions, many African artists have approached Western art and culture in a spirit of parody and satire, familiar tools of the oppressed to communicate their displeasure with humor. Also, African artists whom are betwixt and between cultures, located both in colonial nations and in cultural communities that ...

Culture Analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Culture Analysis paper - Essay Example Moreover, Bollywood has been considered audience-oriented, though they have more emphasis on generating wealth. Bollywood is a term that is also applied in description of a physical location with certain characteristics, which are common among the other films produced in the same region Ganti (2). In this case, these characteristics comprises of song and dance, melodrama, emphasising on stars and spectacle, values of lavish production (Ginta, 3). Moreover, there are other theatrical variables integrated in the filmmaking such as sublimating and romanticism. Bollywood differs from Nollywood, which is a term derived from Hollywood, and it is a generic name for the firm industry in Nigeria. One of the similarities between these generic is that their name were derived from the term Hollywood. However, these industries have different global attention, which differs in terms of the effort made to create their distinct film tradition. For instance, Bollywood has achieved a more prolific and legendary attention from different parts of the world compared to Nollywood. On the other hand, Nollywood experiences government intervention through contribution to provide a favourable environment for film making industry. However, Bollywood is run by private sector through their efforts to fund and offer dominant producers and marketers. Nevertheless, Nigerian film industry has been perceived as a cultural product by other nations, though unlike Bollywood they experience indifferences of the government towards their industry. For instance, Nollywood fac es problems of being denied a status of foreign exchange cultural currency that can enhance their industry. Indian cinema has a long and wealthy history, some of which is common to Western audiences (Ginta, 2004). Similarly, American moviegoers are increasing but still have inadequate exposure to different forms of Indian films. Asian films hinters developmental

Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage ( Please see the assignment Coursework - 1

Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage ( Please see the assignment criteria ) - Coursework Example It is in this context that the tendency of homogeneity in the demand of products influences the industry players to concentrate on heterogeneity in a rapidly growing manner. This fuels up the essentiality of competitive advantage in the current market situation (Wiggins, 1997). Therefore, competitive advantage of a firm in the modern day context depends largely on the firm’s performance as steered by its leader. In the 21st century context, it is the organisational leaders who play the major role in directing the organisational performance towards the achievement of competitive advantage. The fact is considered to be quite significant as competitive advantage provides with numerous opportunities to the companies to sustain in the market. Thus, it can be stated that the achievement of success along with failure in terms of competitive advantage depend on the organisational leadership (Ireland & Hitt, 2005). Porter (1998) observed, â€Å"A firm in a very attractive industry may still not earn profits if it has chosen a poor competitive position. Conversely, a firm in an excellent competitive position may be in such a poor industry that it is not very profitable, and further efforts to enhance its position will be of little benefit† (pp. 2).

Consumer behavior about the target-based internet market in China Dissertation

Consumer behavior about the target-based internet market in China - Dissertation Example 14 Abstract This research focuses on the determination of the factors influencing target-based internet marketing in China. The researcher focuses on the use of the said target-based internet markets as well as the perceptions of the consumers in the People’s Republic of China. In order to determine this, this study undertakes the quantitative approach, focusing on the use of the survey questionnaire method in collecting pertinent data with respect to the same. 1- Background of Dissertation Research Various conditions emphasize the effects of the growth of the internet on marketing in the People’s Republic of China. Undeniably, this is directly linked to the experience of the consumers. Various researchers have suggested that the consumer market in China has only developed in the last ten years. This thus means that the traditional manner by which the Westerners shop is absent in China. In this sense, online shopping is easier to instill in the Chinese consumer as compa red with their Western counterparts as there is no habitual behavior that marketers may change. This is also true in relation to the consumption of information with respect to brands, focusing on how the consumers in China learn about products and brands. From the perspective of marketing communication, it is highlighted that the impact of online information is very high in China. Undoubtedly, the internet provides the Chinese citizens with open and unregulated alternative to media channels that were traditionally used. 2- Aim, Research Questions and Objective of the Dissertation 2.1- Aim of the Dissertation The researcher aims to solicit the behavior of customers with respect to the prevalence of target-based internet markets. In view of the same, the researcher also aims to look into the various reasons behind the consumer’s preference for target-based internet markets. 2.2- Research Questions of the Dissertation This research also aims to answer the following research ques tions: 1. How do consumers feel about target-based internet markets? 2. What are the factors that contribute to the good perceptions of consumers with respect to target-based internet markets? 3. Why do consumers prefer target-based internet markets? 4. How do target-based internet markets influence the behavior of consumers with respect to intent to purchase? 2.3- Research Objectives The researcher also aims to address the following research objectives: 1. To determine how customers feel about target-based internet markets; 2. To look into the factors that contribute to the perceptions of consumers with respect to target-based internet markets; 3. To look into the reasons behind the consumers’ preference for target-based internet markets; and lastly, 4. To look into how target-based internet markets influence the behavior of consumers as regards the intent to purchase. 3- Indicative Literature Review 3.1- The Evolution of Advertising in the Internet Age This section of the l iterature review focuses on the evolution of the traditional role of advertising, most especially in the internet age, considering the fact that this literature review focuses on consumer behavior and target-based internet market. Shaver (2007) argues that in a rapidly evolving media environment, the success of the media and the companies depend on advertising revenues as well as those advertisers who make use of media in order to transcend information with respect to th

Operations Management At Mcdonalds Management Essay

Operations Management At Mcdonalds Management Essay What is Operation Management? Operations Management is an activity of management which is concerned with the production and delivery of products and service to an organization. The operations functionis the part of the organization that is responsible for this activity. Every organization has an operations function Operation management is very important for any company. And by this function company can grow-up and moving in right way. For example Mc Donalds Mc Donald Corporation was Born in 1940s. It was the first fast food industry in the world market.   And who started a chain system in the world market. It serves some of the world favourite and famous food like French fries, Big Quarter Pounder, Chicken Nuggets and sausage McMuffin with egg as a breakfast. Mc Donald is the leading global food service retailer with more than 33000 local restaurants served by more than 1.7 million   employees p in 122 different countries. Mc donalds serves more than 49 Million customers around the world each and every day. More than 80% of Mc Donalds restaurant worldwide ran by independent local distributor and local public. Mc Donald corporation is grew from beginners and Every year they produce new product or scheme for   attract a customer. By latest news McDonalds introduce a new product as fruit maple oatmeal in its menu in 2011. Mc donald is using a Operation Management system for be in a International market. McDonld process McDonalds manufacturing process is completely transparent to the customer and in the market. Even A customer can see the process of the fast food and they can judge to hygienic standards at Mc Donalds by allowing them to enter where the process took place. A customer has allow to check the ingredients used in food. Inputs Material-Other procedures where the material use which can called a preparation. We have to prepare for all kind of material for making fast food. And Raw material are arranged acoording to the requirement. Example : Ready all kind of sauce, make a ready all vegetable and salads to ready for serve, burgers, Cheese, Chips and extra. Information -Information could do so to transform their informationalproperties. A change the possessionof the information. Example: Mc Donald research market to sell information. Store information about past experience and data about McDonalds Company. Facilities: McDonald has a all kind of facilities for making a food and preparing a food and servicing facility. They have buildings, equipment, plant and process technology of the operation. They provide a good arrangement for workers, servicing. They provide storage and administrative areas. The facility is designed by traditional techniques, scale plans, diagrams, and travel charring very lower cost. Staff   In the McDonalds the people who operates, maintain, plan and manage the operation. the term ‘staff to describe all the people in the Main operation, and any kind of operation. Transformational process The steps needed to transforming inputs into outputs. This is a Main part of transforming process. By transforming process Mc Donald handle a input and outputs servicing and It and maintain Quality services. Output The output has a required to the product and service by the customer. By output Mc Donald give aGood service to customer and satisfaction. They also believe to provide a quality product to a customer. Quality Management Mc Donald maintaining the quality of the goods and services so It can meet the minimum requirements laid by the corporation. For manage and maintain the quality of the product and services they must adobe a quality checks procedure. Quality in McDonald   is very important. And its depend on two main reasons. One reason that, its a legal requirements of the quality of fast food served. And Secondly ,to Maintain the good reputation about McDonalds Corporation earned over the years. Its   very difficult to maintain an quality of food   and therefore McDonalds carry on a number of practices to Double check that quality food is served. Some of these practices are the visited by the food inspector from the Food and Hygienic, supervisor checks etc. 4v challenges in Mc Donald The volume of their output; The variety of their output; The variation in the demand for their output; The degree of visibility which customers have of the production of the product or service. The volume dimension High-volume hamburger production is McDonalds, and they serve millions of burgers in the world each and every. Volume has most thing to implications for the way McDonalds operations are organized. First reason is the repeatabilityof the tasks people are doing and the systemizationof the worked where standard procedures are fix in a manual, with instructions with big volume of the job should be carried out. Also the tasks are systematized and repeated, it is worthwhile developing specialized fryers and ovens. All this given by low unit costs. Now consider a small local cafeteria serving a few ‘short order dishes. The range of items on the menu may be similar to the larger operation, but the volume will be more less than large operation.   And a degree of repetition will also be far lower. and the number of staff will be less. The variety dimension Mc Donald company offers a high-variety service. It may confine its   different type of   fast foods, servicing of people in the restaurant. In order to offer this variety it must be relatively flexible. Employee must have a good knowledge about customer like and dislike. So they can prepaid for that. The variation dimension MC Donald company has a variation dimension in a year. Basically Mc Donald has variation in products. Like, Hot food, and Cold drinks and Ice creams and different type of cold drinks. And Hot chocolates. Customers like cold drinks in summer times than in the middle of winter. And Customer like to drink Hot chocolates in winter time. They have different breakfast as per seasonal time. The visibility dimension Visibility is a slightly more difficult dimension of operations to envisage. It means how much of the operations activities its customers experience, or how much the operation is exposedto its customers. Generally, customer-processing operations are more exposed to their customers than material- or information-processing operations. But even customer processing operations have some choice as to how visible they wish their operations to be. For example, in clothes retailing, an organization could decide to operate as a chain of conventional shops. Alternatively, it could decide not to have any shops at all but rather to run an internet-based operation. Performance Objectives of every organization There are five performance objectives. Speed Cost Quality Dependability Flexibility Organizational structure of McDonalds, affects its performance and helps it to meet its objectives. The organizational structure of McDonalds has a big impact in helping the restaurant to have an effective performance and also boost it to meet its objectives. The production area of McDonalds by ensuring that there is enough food products, packaging for food in order for the restaurant to operate each day, and to requirement of the customers, and that customers needs are met properly. To do this McDonalds orders the food that it require from the suppliers in bulk whenever needed; this is essential due to McDonalds serving the food over a number of customers every day, the restaurant required to be good equipped with food items and packaging for the food so that it can run successfully and not have customers complaining due to the lack of food this According to my study McDonalds has two main performance objectives. Speed How much the time to customer has to stay for their product and the services its called speed. McDonalds aim for drive-thru is 90 seconds. But that is just regular documentation for the report not for every time. Here speed is main objective for McDonalds drive-thru performance, so they have to be accurate on that. If they cant keep that speed for serve the customer in drive-thru during busy time customer will unhappy with the services. For progress that performance McDonalds need to modify the policy and the system to serve the customer that will consume the time to chase the customers order in-time. For perform excellent process they have to follow the sequencing regulations, like when the customer will come first, than priority for that customer is high than the next customer. According to the sequencing system in McDonalds they wish First-In-First-Out Sequencing rules. Some time it could be change on order. If they make two different queues for serve the customer fast by customer s order number. It means two different queues for big and little order that will be supportive to McDonalds serving speed. Cost Cost is usually main objective for McDonalds. For organization complete in price, cost must be a significant objective. If they produce lower price product than it would be cheap for the customer. Most of the organization spends the money first for staff wages, after that machinery, stuff, tools and services. McDonalds provide low cost product. McDonalds food is very cheaper than other Companies food. Mc Donalds give an offer to customers in a meal deal, Burger, sandwich and   more number of people will be attracted by offer and McDonald average cost will decrease. Mcdonalda in some cost cutting strategy include are also investing in energy-saving to equipment Quality Mcdonalds food quality is as good as at used to be long time,this restaurant is already go through periodic inspections in item of quality food,in mcdonalds improving to tranning process and taking care of employees. Well i think the quality and menu at McDonalds needs to improve. Whats with the quarter pounders meat sticking out of the bun? Bun should be the same size as the meat, baru okay for the price that we are paying. For the past 20 years weve all been eathing the same thing, whats new Fold over, Quarter Pounder, Prosperity Burger, Big and Tasty Samurai Burger, Chicken Mc Deluxe all etc. CONCLUSION: We learn from above assignment that operations management is very important for any company as they have a partnership with the overall strategy of the organisation. Mc Donald used an Operation Management system in there channel. And by using a OM system Mc Donald company grow up year by year. McDonalds believes that the success of the restaurants and the company is achieved through the people it employs. MC Donald has a powerful five performance obejectives.The company aims to recruit the best people, to retain them by offering ongoing training relevant to their position and to promote them when they are ready.OM contributes to the strategy and they helps the organisation to gain competitive advantage. For an immediate basis, process planning can help the organisation reduce cost and gain cost advantages and therefore gain competitive advantage. Therefore the organisations must effectively manage the operations of the business as it has a massive effect on the strategy of the organi sation.

Luciano and The XTERMINATOR Crew :: Essays Papers

Luciano and The XTERMINATOR Crew The XTERMINATOR label came to be in 1987 when Vena Recordings changed it's name to Kings & Lions. This name remained for a few years in the middle of the 1980's and then was changed again to Exterminator. In time Exterminator records dropped the"E"from the title to leave the present day label, XTERMINATOR. Phillip"Fattis"Burrell is the producer of XTERMINATOR records and is responsible for the success the label has seen thus far. All musicians that have worked with"Fattis"have spoken very highly of him and his dedication to the production of reggae music."The seriousness and zeal that à «Fattis' has is so compatible to mine that we pull in tandem like a sculling boat team,"said Luciano after working with"Fatis"on his hit song"It's Me Again Jah". The"XTERMINATOR Family"consists of Luciano, Mikey General, Sizzla, Dean Fraser, and the Firehouse Family (which consists of ex-Third World guitarist, Steven"Cat"Coore, multi-instrumentalist Donald"Danny"Dennis, keyboardist Robbie Lyn and master drummer Sly Dunbar). This"family"tours together, with Luciano as the headliner and Mikey General and Sizzla opening the show. Dean Fraser plays the saxophone (the third best in the world as of last year) and sings back up vocals. While the Firehouse crew provides the backing for the vocals. It is not hard to see why the XTERMINATOR label has been so successful in the last few years. Since the early 1990's the XTERMINATOR label has been recruiting new talent for their label with fire and compassion."Fattis"is not afraid to work with young artists who show raw talent and potential. This is the primary reason that he and the XTERMINATOR label have seen such a jump in popularity and profits in the early to mid 1990's. Also with Dean Fraser as the Musical Director of XTERMINATOR Records a small load was lifted off"Fattis's"shoulders. (1. Barrow, Steve) Jepther McClymont (Luciano) born December 20, 1964 was raised in Davey Town in the parish of Manchester, Jamaica. His father being musically inclined had built his own guitar and used to play it frequently. Jepther took a liking to his father's guitar and began to learn how to play the instrument. His father left his mother and his eight other siblings to fend for themselves when he was a mere eleven years of age. Jepther's first public singing came in a local church quire at quite a young age. His mother had no trade to earn them money, but they survived as best they could.

Health Benefits of Beer Essay

My topic that I chose for this lit review is beer. I decided to do beer because it is something that me and my dad have in common and can bond over. Beer is not just an alcoholic drink for me there is more substance there. Beer is interesting because every beer company makes their product differently. Also beer is one of the most sold products in the world and I would like to find more information of it. Humanities: Miller, Carl. â€Å"Beer and Television: Perfectly Tuned In. † All About Beer 25 Feb. 2008: 29. The source Beer and Television: Perfectly Tuned In would fall under the category of Social Sciences. It would fall under this category because the article is about beer commercials and how it affects business. There is really only one way to judge a beer commercial and that is is if the commercial makes consumers buy the product. Every commercial is a little different but every one of them has the same message, buy my beer. The article discusses the way the beer industry grew due to television. Every beer company realized they needed to make their product well known so that people would go out and buy it. These companies did this by creating short and sometimes funny commercials. The search for the perfect beer commercial has been around since the invention of the television in American culture in the 1940’s. In the 1940’s no one knew what a good commercial was because the television had just been made. Since the prohibition era had just ended beer breweries were wary of putting their product on the air at first. Some critics thought that this type of commercial intruded peoples’ living rooms and thought it offended people. For this reason the breweries only aired the commercials late at night and never on Sunday. The American bar was the first home of the television. In Chicago half of all television sales were bars. Meaning that the beer companies could target their product directly to the beer drinker in a bar stool. In the early days of television, television was dominated by sports programs. This is great for selling beer because â€Å"sports sell beers†. The article does a wonderful job of showing how the beer industry grew immensely due to television commercials. I like how many industries used tough macho men to promote the light beer campaign. Also the catchy jingles and funny cartoon skits would get stuck in your head so that when you went to the bar or to the alcohol store they would buy that product. The article used easy words so that the common man would be able to understand and reflect upon it. The article shows how competitive the beer industry was for the best commercial, giving the reader a descriptive past of beer. This article is linked to my topic because it shows how competitive the beer industry was with selling their beer. Mennella JA; Beauchamp GK Developmental Psychobiology [Dev Psychobiol] 1993 Dec; Vol. 26 (8), pp. 459-66. Beer, breast feeding, and folklore. It is common practice in our society to breast feed. It is believed in folklore that if the woman breast feeding drinks beer, than the baby will become healthier. Some other folklore is that if the woman drinks beer it will increase her milk supply, lessen the feeding pain, and it increases the hormone needed to create breast milk. So a group of scientists decided to have an experiment to see if drinking a beer really did do all the legend said it did. They had 12 lactating women with infants participate in the experiment. Six of whom drank an alcoholic beer before feeding and the other six drank a non-alcoholic beer. Then a week later at the same time as the week before the roles was reversed. What the experiment found was that: the infants drank less milk when the mother had the alcoholic beer, drank for longer, the women felt they had leftover milk in their breast, and the babies acted the same with both milks. Scientists would have liked to keep researching but, prolonged exposure to babies less than one year of age can cause ill effects to the their motor development skills. This article was interesting since there were so many myths about alcohol and breastfeeding. The article gave the reader many statistics about breastfeeding and how slight differences can change the milk. The article disqualifies all of the folklore of drinking a beer before breastfeeding. I hope women read this and realize that giving their babies low doses of beer can hurt their growth and will actually decrease the amount of milk the infant will drink. This article is linked to my topic because many women drink a beer before breastfeeding because they believe in the folklore. Social Sciences: Bretting, Sandra. â€Å"SMALL BUSINESS THE FLOW OF BEER. † Houston Chronicle ISSN 1074-7109, 11/08/2009, p. 4. The source SMALL BUSINESS THE FLOW OF BEER Keeping the kegs on course Logistics company tracks empties and gets them back fast for refills would fall under the category of social sciences. It would fall under this category because the article is about how a small business handles there kegs. Many people buy kegs for multiple reasons. One reason is that you can buy 170 or so beers for much cheaper than buying them by the 30 pack. Also is it refillable and there for saving the environment by not using cans or bottles to drink the beer. Every company though has to be able to track their kegs and get them refilled as soon as possible. Whenever a beer keg becomes empty it has to go back to the brewery to be refilled. So the beer stores would collect their kegs and send them back to the brewery which was usually in Europe. But since most beer stores handled around 90 products this made the logistics overwhelming. So a man named Brady 25 years ago created a freight company that transported products by rail. A few years later Guinness & Co. of Ireland hired Brady to handle their logistics for returning their empty kegs. After that deal the company took off. The company officially launched its beer logistics product in 1994. The product was called Kegspeditor Sytem, the system collects empty kegs from beer stores, returns kegs to the brewery, and then documents the entire process. The article does a good job of showing how one small company came up with an idea and made millions. I like how the article gave an exact description of what the company does. Also the writer makes the reader feel good about the company because it helps the common beer drinking man and the brewery and the environment. The article is a bit of a tough read since it is about logistics but, still interesting. The article shows that there are many things that happen with a keg that most people do not realize. This article is linked to my topic because beer kegs are a big part of the business aspect of beer. Kirkby, Diane Journal of Popular Culture; Fall2003, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p244-256 â€Å"Beer, Glorious Beer†: Gender Politics and Australian Popular Culture. â€Å"Beer is a religion in Australia,† according to Cyril Pearl. In the late 1960’s and early 1970’s there were multiple myths about Australians’ and their beer. One myth was that their beer was the strongest in the world and was meant for tough men with chest hair. The second myth was that they could drink the most amount of beer. There is a very strong relationship between masculinity and beer. In fact in the 1920’s to around the 1960’s women had no correlation with beer besides serving it in Australia’s society. So during that time period the men would get off work at five and then drink till 6 at the bar, because that is when it closed back in the day. This closing time for bars was known as the â€Å"Six O’Clock Swill† where the working men of Australia would get hammered in one hour. Getting drunk every night was considered the good life in this culture, consequently during this time period there was the highest amount of divorces. This article does a fine job of explaining the history of Australian drinking culture and how it changed through the years. The reader learns that drinking was and still is a big deal in Australia. Also, this reading made me realize that Australian men may be fierce with their drinking but, in the more recent decades women have become just as fierce. The article uses some different dialect terms at times so that made the article a little hard to read. This article is linked to my topic because it is about how beer affected and affects Australian culture. Natural and Physical Sciences: LESKOSEK-CUKALOVIC et al. : Beer with Improved Functionality, Food Technol. Biotechnol. 48 (3) 384–391 (2010). New Type of Beer – Beer with Improved Functionality and Defined Pharmacodynamic Properties. Almost everyone enjoys an ice cold beer at the end of a hard day. Beer is the most popular beverage in the world. There are many reasons explaining why it is so popular. One reason is that it is a cheap alcoholic drink. Another is that there are so many different choices in choosing a beer. Thirdly, recently found out in fact that beer has health benefits. In healthy dosages beer is very good for you. Some health benefits include: reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, blood cholesterol levels, diabetes, osteoporosis, dementia, and a beer day is better for your heart than a glass of red wine. Beer however does have disastrous effects on your body if you consume excess amounts of it for a prolonged period of time. Good news though is in recent studies beer has the ability to lessen the chance of getting colon cancer. The most important biological factor found in the beer’s hops is the compound xanthohumol (XH). XH has the ability to stop major enzymes in cancer, particularly colon in moderate drinking. This article was extremely interesting in how it gave a beer a good name. It seems like many people are against beer because it turns gentlemen into cavemen. But, if those people would read this article their eyes would be opened to what beer really is, an alcoholic drink that is actually good for you in moderation. The best information in the article in my opinion was the fact that a beer a day is better for your heart than a glass of red wine. Article was extremely factual and had many statistics. This article is linked to my topic because it shows the positive effects beer can have on the body. J. D. Pedrera-Zamorano et al. / Nutrition 25 (2009) 1057–1063 Effect of beer drinking on ultrasound bone mass in women. Osteoporosis is a major health care issue. This disease is the weakening of bone mass causing more broken bones. Good news is that medicine has increased the life expectancy of the average woman. But, with more age comes more likelihood to get a disease especially one associated with age, such as osteoporosis. Women post menopause are the most likely to get osteoporosis. The older one gets the more calcitonin they lose. Calcitonin is one of the major attributes that keep your bones healthy. Recent studies have shown that moderate drinking increases calcitonin output. Also, in beer that does good for a woman’s body is flavones, it slows the post menopause effect of losing calcitonin. Another attribute of beer that helps prevent the deterioration of bones is silicon in liquid form. Since beer is second to water in providing silicon in liquid form to the western hemisphere’s diet, one could say that beer could help promote bone formation. I found this article very intriguing because of the health benefits, especially for women. Most women do not enjoy drinking beer because of the taste, but maybe after reading this article they will change their minds. The reading had many facts, large words, and stats. This article yet again gives beer a good name in how it can help people. This article is linked to my topic because it shows how the beer can help prolong the life of women.

The Educational Needs of Students with ODD

The Educational Needs of Students with ODD Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is one of two pediatric behavioral disorders defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual V (DSM V) that are included as qualifying disabilities in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). While not as serious as Conduct Disorder, whose symptoms include  aggression and property destruction, ODD still compromises a students ability to succeed academically and develop meaningful relationships with peers and teachers. Students diagnosed with ODD may be found in general education settings if it is determined that the disorder does not prevent them  from participating fully in the general education classroom. It is also possible that some students with ODD in programs for Emotional Disturbances can manage their own behavior well enough that they can successfully be integrated into general education classrooms. Symptoms of ODD Students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder exhibit the following symptoms: Anger and resentmentTendency to argueShort temperUnwillingness to comply with adults requests or rulesTendency to annoy peopleSpite and vindictiveness A mental health professional would only make an ODD  diagnosis if the above symptoms occurred more frequently than they do in a comparable age or developmental group.  Fifteen-year-olds often argue with adults, and they can be touchy or easily annoyed, but a 15-year-old diagnosed with ODD would be significantly more argumentative or touchy in a way that affected their day-to-day functioning. Co-Morbidity with Other Behavioral Challenges or Disabilities The DSM V notes that a significant number of children seen in a clinical setting for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are also diagnosed as having ODD. The manual  also notes that many children with impulse control problems are also frequently diagnosed with ODD. Best Practices for Students with ODD All students benefit from classroom settings with structure and clear expectations. It is critical in both general education settings where students with ODD are included, and in  self-contained settings,  that the expectations are clear, explicit, and above all consistent. The most important elements of a successful classroom are: A Structured Environment: Some assumptions about how a classroom should be organized may be inappropriate for students with ODD. Seating arrangements that put children into clusters of four may be fine in settings where children are raised with high expectations but may create too many opportunities for disruptive behavior among children with ODD. Students with ODD often use seating arrangements as occasions for high drama that are much more about work avoidance than interpersonal dynamics. Remember, your role is to be a teacher, not a therapist. Seating students in rows or pairs is often the best way to start the school year. Routines:  Unlike strict rules, routines make expectations clear in a way that is value-neutral. Instead of creating a rule that says Never get out of line, create a routine where students get used to standing in line, walking without touching or bothering their neighbors, and getting quickly and quietly to their destination at school. Establishing routines means being pro-active, and planning thoroughly what your classroom expectations will be. Where will students place their backpacks? Will they be able to access them during the day? Only before lunch? How does one get the teachers attention? Do you raise your hand, place a red cup on top of your desk, or hang a red flag from  your desk? Any one of these options could help create a routine that works well in a structured class. A Reinforcement-Rich Environment: Pay attention to the things your students like or think are important. Most boys (the majority of children with ODD) love free time on the computer, and most schools block access to  objectionable sites. Let students earn their time on the computer by completing academic tasks, by earning points for appropriate behavior, or by reaching behavioral or academic goals. A Calm and Collected Teacher: The function of the behavior associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder is often to engage people in authority in a tug of war or power play. As a teacher, the most important thing is not to engage in a battle that no one will win.

What special responsibilities do computer professionals have with respect to under

What special responsibilities do computer professionals have with respect to under Privacy ranks as among the very important factors that many computer users consider when making the decisions about how to approach the concept of information technology.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What special responsibilities do computer professionals have with respect to under-standing and protecting the privacy rights of their fellow citizens? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the present day, there are many who have built lucrative businesses out of collecting data about computer users and some organizations even finance their activities mainly through selling marketing data or even selling lists with the names and details of potential customers. From an interpersonal perspective, some individuals even utilize internet-based services to spy on personal backgrounds of other individuals. A common example of this is the use of search engines by employers to look into information about employees and potential employees over the internet. Criminals also use the internet to search for personal details which they then use for identity theft. It is because of such security concerns that computer professionals have special responsibilities in relation to understanding, respecting and protecting the privacy rights of other computer users and this essay shall explore these. Given that internet use is an international phenomenon, it is impossible for computer professionals and policy makers to control all the content of the data that is transferred online. Be that as it may, computer professionals still have some responsibility of protecting the rights of fellow citizens one of which is to come up with mechanisms to protect copyright and intellectual property rights. The main aim of copyright is not only to prevent illegal copying of information, including the information stored in digital format which can be copied, altered and transmitted through electronic networks with relative ease (Lopez, 1998). The practical challenges that owners of digital data face are very important for governments trying to apply or extend existing copyright laws to digital means. It is the responsibility of computer professionals to push the authorities to enforce laws that protect intellectual properties. At an international level, it is the responsibility of computer professionals to contribute to the efforts of bodies such as the World intellectual property organization (WIPO) towards the facilitation of the protection of property rights. As noted by Welfens (2002), the internet has greatly contributed to expanding individuals’ learning horizons but the ease with which information has become accessible is raising concerns among citizens in relation to the exposure to offensive material. Parents and educators have also raised concerns about the negative influence that the internet is having on young minds.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a way of addressing these concerns, computer professionals have contributed to the formation of civil liberty organizations such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) and the Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR) which supports legal and legislative towards the protection of user’s civil liberties and protects the privacy and civil liberties of online users, respectively (Dhillon, 2003). Computer professionals can also help computer users protect their privacy while using the internet by recommending a few measures that they (users) could apply while using their computers. One such measure would be to disable cache and history functions in individual computers whenever the can. This will prevent a malicious individual from using this information track the sites that the user have visited. The computer professionals could also advise users not to release their personal identification inform ation to anyone else as this information could be used against them. The number of computer users is increasing by the day but not all users have the knowledge of how to protect their privacy while using the internet. It is therefore the responsibility of computer professionals to take all the necessary steps that would help preserve the privacy of computer users, some of which have been mentioned in this essay. References Dhillon, G. (2003). Social Responsibility in the Information Age: Issues and Controversies. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Inc. Lopez, X.R. (1998). The dissemination of spatial data: a North American-European comparative study on the impact of government information policy. Greenwich, CT: Ablex Publishing Corporation. Welfens, P.J.J. (2002). Internet economics dot net. New York, NY: Springer.

Who are Entrepreneurs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Who are Entrepreneurs - Assignment Example Entrepreneurs work strategically- he or she is a person who knows the right people and can select a good team. These people are different people often termed as minorities (Bolton & Thompson, 2004, p-14). Smith (n.d, p-5) suggests that entrepreneurs are agents of innovation- they find loopholes in the processes and use them as opportunities. Many scholars debate on the fact whether entrepreneurs are born or made? The phenomenon of personality as a foundation for distinct behavior begs the same argument- whether personality is born or is it made? Is a human being a product of nature or nurture? At times certain skills and characteristics of people which are nurtured over time motivate him or her to become an entrepreneur in the future. Similarly, inherited skills may encourage a person to direct him or herself towards the path of business management. Bolton & Thompson (2004, p-21) in their book have concluded that entrepreneurs are both born and made. In some cases, they are born havi ng natural skills while in other cases, entrepreneurs are made after learning the rules of business. Â  Entrepreneurs work in an open, unstructured environment in which they have to do tasks from scratch-they have to begin from primary levels to reach the top (Zhao & Seibert, 2006, p-260). This statement suggests that entrepreneurs have to keep a balance between work-life, family and avoid conflicts between them. This workload, financial stake, and work environment may lead to physical and psychological stress. In such situations, people with high self-confidence and self-efficacy can survive these strong external pressures.

Home Health Nursing Initiative assignment 2 Essay

Home Health Nursing Initiative assignment 2 - Essay Example This paper is also being undertaken in order to assess the appropriateness of the application of this kit using the current literature on this kit. This assessment of literature will hopefully shed light to the evidence-based application of this kit and hopefully make a credible evaluation of the actual application of the Symptom Response Kit. The Symptom Response Kit is described by the South West Community Care Access Centre (CCAC, 2009, p. 1) as â€Å"a kit of medications that can be ordered by a physician, to be available in a client’s home to relieve potential symptoms for clients requiring hospice palliative care services or who are at the end of life stage in their disease management†. In the most basic sense, this kit is a reserve kit which can be used in case unanticipated symptoms of a long-term care patient would surface. The kit contains emergency medical supplies previously approved or prescribed by the patient’s doctor in anticipation of probable symptoms of the patient’s illness. It contains limited amounts of a few medications which have been deemed effective in addressing the usual symptoms of distress in clients who are at the end of their lives (Matzon & Sherman, 2006). The kit is â€Å"solely for the purpose of alleviating unanticipated symptoms, to avoid unnecessary hospit al/ER admission or until a regular prescription can be obtained† (CACC, 2009, p. 1). This kit acts as an interim remedy for the patient in order to prevent further deterioration while a more comprehensive consultation with the doctor is being scheduled. Symptom relief kits or emergency kits are set-up in order to address the â€Å"need to have appropriate medications readily available in the home, extended care facility, or hospital† (Matzon & Sherman, 2006, p. 322). Among palliative health care givers, there is no specific timing where the dying process can be predicted,

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Abortion - Essay Example explores the Divine Command Theory and debates the moral aspects of this divisive issue before touching on the practical arguments surrounding abortion by investigating its use to control population in China. The life of a human, from the time of conception, should be considered equally as viable as any individual. Consequently, the right of life as well as the social definition regarding ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ types of deaths should apply to potential lives which possess a future value of life, the same as any living person. Denying a being their future is murder. Unnatural, premature deaths that are considered justifiable by society include those that occur during war-time in addition to those that result from ‘mercy killings’ and the death penalty. Outside of these instances, society generally acts to protect all life even animals that have at least a chance of future potential. This is demonstrated by the life-saving techniques employed without question or hesitation in the case of people who wanted to end their life. Society will not allow it because it is simply wrong by any standard to end a life with potential. ‘Pro Choice’ advocat es counter this seemingly universal truth by saying just because a person has great potential doesn’t mean that they will achieve greatness in life therefore a potential life is not yet a life. They also argue that because a fetus is unconscious disqualifies it for being considered a person. Of course, emergency medical treatment is administered to unconscious people in an effort to save their life. Society mourns the death of the young more so than the old. Taking the life of a potential person who possesses an inherent value of life and is of the very youngest of society is in opposition to this widely accepted societal value.1 Various studies through the years have proven that abortion is an abhorrent physical, psychological and moral option for all concerned yet the ‘right to choose’ still

Can Religion Be Studied Academically Essay Example for Free

Can Religion Be Studied Academically Essay The academic study of religion isn’t a means of just learning scriptures or passages from a sacred text like the Bible. It is a more complex process and can be considered multidisciplinary – it can include art, literature, linguistics, history, philosophy, psychology, sociology and much more. Religion can’t be studied without knowing what we are trying to study, and while some would argue it just doesn’t exist, the similarity among the diverse religious belief systems around the world are strong enough to justify a comprehensive field study encompassing the factors listed above, some of which fall into Livingstone’s ‘seven ways of studying religion’. However, to effectively study religion in an academic way, it is important to include critical analysis, which means it is important not to be biased towards your own beliefs. By doing this you can become more culturally aware of other faiths and beliefs, and thus obtain a greater understanding of religions. Literary criticism plays an important role in the academic study of religion. Religion in the theological way is all about the teachings of a particular sacred text. The Bible for Christianity, the Quran for Islam and Sutras for Buddhism, for example, all contain the teachings and laws of the respective religions, which is essentially how people can understand religion in the first place. Livingstone, in his theories on religion, says questions are the key to studying and understanding the meaning of sacred texts. Is it reliable; who was the author; when was it written and where; how has the work been received, interpreted and passed on? These are the questions that need to be answered before a true understanding of religion can be obtained, and who better to answer them than a literary critic, according to Livingstone. The relationship between religion and language also relates to this idea of literary criticism. Language in religion doesn’t often function like it does in everyday life – it is not found at the surface level of words or signs, according to Livingstone. Understanding language and how it is used in religion provides insight, but it also stretches to include the nature and function of language itself. Because of religion’s role in human cultures, it is impossible to comprehend the flow of history without some basic grounding in a variety of religious beliefs. Livingstone says it would appear obvious that the historical study of religion has to do with establishing what role religious experience and ideas play in the lives of individuals and communities. You only have to look at the Bible and see the Old Testament is dated in years ‘before Christ’. Livingstone gives an example of the Protestant Reformation. The causes of the Protestant Reformation have been a topic of contention among historians, and the debate illustrates both the importance of history in gaining a fuller understanding of that event in western history, and the difficulties in proposing a single casual explanation in history. But the notion of history and religion can be put a little more simply – religious traditions provide structure to the world and provides people with a sense of where they fit in, which in turn affects choices today, for example decisions about politics. The philosophical scrutiny of religion is one of the oldest and most instructive ways of examining religious experience and belief, according to Livingstone. In this century philosophy’s relation to religion is to analyse the uses of religious language and to test its logical status and meaning. It asks whether a religious expression is simply performing an action or evoking the emotions. Livingstone says philosophers believe much of the problems with religion stem from these confusing uses of language. Over the centuries and spanning different continents, the notion of philosophy has remained significant in several religious traditions, which emphasises the importance of it in an educational way – In India, philosophy has remained associated with historical developments in Hinduism and the same goes for Buddhism in Asia. The way in which religion interacts within a social dimension is also a significant element to studying religion. Sociologist, Max Weber, demonstrated that certain forms of social life and behaviour could deeply reflect the religious belief and practice of society. For example: Weber analysed how the new Protestant ethic, which came with the Reformation of the 16th century, proved to be decisive in shaping the spirit of modern capitalist society. All religions have a concept of what it means to be a member of a religious society, how it should function, how it should be organised, and how the society relates to the outside world. Therefore it is important to have an understanding of the sociology behind religion, especially in the instance that culture and religion become hard to distinguish between. It is understood that religions offer critiques of contemporary society based on concepts of an ideal society and must understand the connection between sacred and secular power and the political and religious institutions representing each. This is where a study of sociology and anthropology become important for religion. The relationship between religious and violent conflict is well known. It can be argued that religions are inclined to be absolutist, meaning they don’t allow for the validity of other religions. This discourages the discussions and negotiations and compromises needed to resolve differences of opinion peacefully, which can then have an effect on society itself. Without compromises, it can sometimes erupt into violence – so in terms of the importance of studying religion, it is ideal to know the interconnection between sociology and religion to understand why and how conflicts, for example, can sometimes occur. And then there’s the psychology behind the importance of studying religion. One of the early workers in this particular field was William James. He explored the psychological dimensions of phenomena as conversion, mysticism and saintliness. Livingstone says the connection between psychology and religion is perhaps the most closely associated with great figures in psychoanalysis. He also uses an example of Gordon Allport’s work, who studied the relationship between religion and prejudice. He says studies such as Allport’s show the value of psychological studies in revealing the potential effect of forms of religion on social relations and behaviours. Allport particularly discovered that there were different correlations between prejudice and types of being religious, what he referred to as extrinsic and intrinsic religions. This particular study into psychology and religion is significant because it can warn us against making too-simple correlation between prejudice and religion, according to Livingstone. In addition to Livingstone’s ideas behind studying religion, there are other factors that intertwine, like art, for example. No one can view art without noticing the influence of religion. Every religion provides ideas, tales, cultural symbols, and concepts vital to creating art. It can be argued that without the cultural resources available today that have been created by religions, some art would be impossible to create or even understand. It isn’t particularly essential for making art, but religion’s role culturally makes the connection stronger. In conclusion, it is difficult to seriously or substantively critique religion if it’s not understood. It is for this reason that an understanding language critique, sociology, history, psychology and philosophy, for example, is so important. Livingstone says the academic study of religion can help people to see religion as a whole. These scholarly views and disciplines can help people to see aspects of their own religions that they may be blind to, which in turn can help prosper more appreciation for various religious traditions.

B2B vs. B2C Marketing Differences Essay example -- Marketing Business

B2B vs. B2C Marketing Differences Once a decision is made to develop a business, whom the customer will be is the next decision to be made. Whom will the company target as a customer? Will it be a business? Or will it be a consumer? Business-to-business (B2B) marketing has differences from business-to-consumer (B2C) marketing practices. This paper will outline these differences between the two types of e-commerce business transactions. 'Traditional marketing in the business-to-business environment requires very different strategies from those campaigns directed towards the consumer market.' (ExtraVision, n.d., p. 1) 'Consumer competition can be a lot fiercer, with customer loyalty a constant battle.? (ExtraVision, n.d., p.1) Routes of marketing in business today include e-mail, pop up advertisement, television and banner advertising. This paper will primarily focus on e-mail marketing. E-mail marketing is different when marketing to a business versus a consumer. Debbie Weil (2002) lists five ways business-to-business marketing is different from business-to-consumer email marketing. Weil (2002) says these five ways are:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Distance from click to sale  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Permission  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Copyrighting Challenge  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lists  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B2B: the more interesting option (p.1) When discussing the concept of the distance from the click to the sale, Weil (2002) explains business-to-business e-mails are primarily for lead generation. On the other hand, an e-mail campaign for a busin...

Conceptualization of Culture and Language in Post Colonial Literature Essay

Culture and Language are the major issues in the post colonial theory. My assignment will deal with these three factors in terms of colonial perspectives. The post colonialism mainly explores the ideas such as cultural diversity, geographical dimensions, Diasporas, race, ethnicity, marginality, hybridity, national identities, cultural transformation, changes and politics in language etc†¦ Considerations of hybridity run the range from existential to material, political to economic, yet this discussion will not be able to tease out the extensive implications of each consideration. Rather, this discussion aims to explore the notion of hybridity theoretically, synthesizing the vast body of literature to critique essentialist notions of identity as fixed and constant. According to my understanding of Hybridity, there are three ways in which hybridity might serve as a tool for deconstructing the rigid labels that maintain social inequities through exclusion in race, language and nation. By exploring how the hybrid rejects claims of bonds within race, language, and nation, I understood that cultural studies like these are imperative in considering the politics of representation. For the purposes of this discussion, the cultural hybridity refers to the integration of cultural bodies, signs, and practices from the colonizing and the colonized cultures. The contemporary cultural landscape is an amalgam of cross-cultural influences, blended, patch-worked, and layered upon one another. Unbound and fluid, culture is hybrid and interstitial, moving between spaces of meaning. The notion of cultural hybridity has existed far before it was popularized in postcolonial theory as culture arising out of interactions between â€Å"colonizers† and â€Å"the colonized†. However, in this time after imperialism, globalization has both expanded the reach of Western culture, as well as allowed a process by which the West constantly interacts with the East, appropriating cultures for its own means and continually shifting its own signifiers of dominant culture. This hybridity is woven into every corner of society, from trendy fusion cuisine to Caribbean rhythms in pop music to the hyphenated identities that signify ethnic Americans, illuminating the lived experience of ties to a dominant culture blending with the cultural codes of a Third World culture. Framing Cultural Hybridity in post colonial context; Among postcolonial theorists, there is a wide consensus that hybridity arose out of the culturally internalized interactions between â€Å"colonizers† and â€Å"the colonized† and the dichotomous formation of these identities. Considered by some the father of hybrid theory, Homi Bhabha argued that colonizers and the colonized are mutually dependent in constructing a shared culture. His text The Location of Culture (1994) suggested that there is a â€Å"Third Space of Enunciation† in which cultural systems are constructed. In this claim, he aimed to create a new language and mode of describing the identity of Selves and Others. Bhabha says: It becomes crucial to distinguish between the semblance and similitude of the symbols across diverse cultural experiences such as literature, art, music, Ritual, life, death and the social specificity of each of these productions of meaning as they circulate as signs within specific contextual locations and social systems of value. The transnational dimension of cultural transformation migration, diaspora, displacement, relocation makes the process of cultural translation a complex form of signification. The naturalized, unifying discourse of nation, peoples, or authentic folk tradition, those embedded myths of cultures particularity, cannot be readily referenced. The great, though unsettling, advantage of this position is that it makes you increasingly aware of the construction of culture and the invention of tradition. In using words like â€Å"diaspora, displacement, relocation,† Bhabha illustrates the dynamic nature of culture, and the flimsy consistency of the historical narratives that cultures rely upon to draw boundaries and define themselves. As a result, culture cannot be defined in and of it, but rather must be seen within the context of its construction. More significantly, Bhabha draws attention to the reliance of cultural narratives upon the other. In illuminating this mutual construction of culture, studies of hybridity can offer the opportunity for a counter-narrative, a means by which the dominated can reclaim shared ownership of a culture that relies upon them for meaning. This theoretical erspective will serve as the foundation for the considerations explored in this paper, employing hybridity as a powerful tool for liberation from the domination imposed by bounded definitions of race, language, and nation. RACE: Racial hybridity, or the integration of two races which are assumed to be distinct and separate entities, can be considered first in terms of the physical body. Historically, the corporeal hybrid was birthed from two symbolic poles, a bodily representation of colonizer and colonized. These mixed births, mestizo, mulatto, muwallad, were stigmatized as a physical representation of impure blood, and this racism long served as a tool of power that maintained that even in this blending of two bodies, just â€Å"one drop† of black blood would deem the body impure and alien, an abomination. Institutionalized racism created a perpetual state of ambiguity and placelessness for the hybrid body and prevented cultural inclusion via race. However, the expanse of immigration since colonialism and the spectrum of shades of visible difference point to an increasingly hybrid populace in which these classifications of black and white no longer carry the same power of representation, yet the old labels persist. This labeling is significant as it elucidates the continuing power of racial labels in a society set on fixing bodies in racial space by binding them to labels, which are understood to contain fixed truths. I argue that utilizing the conceptual tool of hybridity to deconstruct these labels allows a means by which hybrid individuals can come together in powerful solidarity, rather than allowing their ambiguous place in racial space to render them invisible. Harnessing racial hybridity to project the simultaneously unique but common experience of hybridity can be a means by which the individual subject can join to a marginal community through stories and partial memories. Furthermore, racial hybridity must harness the dualistic experience of passing, or being mistaken for a race other than one’s own. All identities involve passing to some extent, in that a subject’s self can never truly match its image, but racial passing implicitly deconstructs the boundaries of Black and White. In passing, hybridity might function not as a conflict or struggle between two racial identities, but instead as constant movement between spaces, passing through and between identity itself without origin or arrival. The freedom to move between identities carries its own power in defying the claims of essentialized racial identity. Furthermore, the bounded labels of race do not account for the historical and geographic narratives that lie behind each body and inform their identity. In â€Å"Black Africans and Native Americans†, Jack Forbes explores the disconnect between racial labels and the consciousness of the bodies behind them using Native Americans and Africans as examples by which â€Å"groups are forced into arbitrary categories render their ethnic heritage simple rather than complex†. As a result, hybridity calls into question the boundaries of racial consciousness as a hybrid consciousness defies the imposed limits of race. The management of these identities becomes its own sort of performance, as the body negotiates each consciousness in different spaces. Again, the ability to play multiple roles, to â€Å"pass† in different arenas, carries significant power. In embodying the inability to bind identities to race, racial hybridity both in the physical body and in consciousness offers a means of deconstructing the boundaries of dichotomous racial identities. In addition to race, language has long been bound in definitions as a symbol of nation and a mode of exclusion. As a means to connect with other social beings, communicating with language is a meaningful performance in that speaking requires two parties, one to perform language and an audience to observe and absorb language. During colonialism, as the colonizer’s language dominated national institutions, the sense of being outside and â€Å"othered† was instilled in the colonized as their language and means of communication was stripped away. Now in a time after colonialism, can the colonized ever reclaim a language long lost, or has the colonizer’s language become their own? Has ownership of the colonizer’s language expanded over time? Fanon’s theorizing addresses the power of language in the formation of identity as he says, â€Å"To speak . . . means above all to assume a culture, to support the weight of a civilization,†. He suggests that speaking the language of the colonizer stands in as acceptance or coercion into accepting a role in culture. Yet in accepting a role, whether by choice or force, the meaning of the culture shifts and evolves. No longer does it â€Å"belong† to the colonizer, as it relies upon the colonized to give it shape. Similarly, with the introduction of a new set of users performing a language, the language no longer exists as it was; it has shifted in meaning. Beyond the thematic implications of language, hybridity has inspired an immense movement in literary discourse and understandings of the very way language is managed and owned. Herskovits developed the notion of syncretism, a theory attempting to explain why certain cultural forms are carried and others lost. Similarly, Claude Levi-Strauss developed the term bricolage to describe mixed forms within narratives. Creolization describes the linguistic blending of dominant and subdominant cultures. These examples illustrate the broad realm of studies that have developed simply around the use of hybridized language. In an analysis of the rise of the â€Å"hybrid genre† in postmodern literature, Kapchan and Strong say, â€Å"Hybridization has become one such analytic allegory, defining lines of interest and affiliation among scholars of popular and literary culture, perhaps quite unintentionally. The extent to which these authors use the metaphor of hybridity consciously and concisely differs. That they use it, however, qualifies hybridity as one of several tropes, or forms of metaphoric predication, that most epitomize the scholarship of the last decade,† . Not only does this observation imply that the body of hybridized literature is growing, harkening to the rising voices and representations of the hybrid, but that hybridity is becoming normalized as an accepted form of literature and the purist notion of genre is diminishing. Furthermore, the use of a colonizer’s language by the colonized to speak of the crimes of colonialism is its own transgression and act of resistance. In taking ownership of the language, changing the way that it is used, the boundaries of language as belonging to a specific place or race are dissolved. Jahan Ramazani’s Hybrid Muse is an analytical review of the poetry that has arisen from the hybridization of the English muse with the long-resident muses of Africa, India, the Caribbean, and other decolonizing territories of the British Empire (2001). A hybrid himself, Ramazani suggests that the use of indigenous metaphors, rhythms, creoles, and genres has allowed a new form of poetry that not only speaks of the violence and displacement of colonialism, but embodies it in its very form. These hybrid poetries can be viewed as a gateway to understanding those once deemed unfamiliar, and hybridity of language becomes a way by which to deconstruct borders and relate to collectives across cultural boundaries. Further, hybridity must interrogate the notion that nationality is essential zed in a distinct culture that geographic borders somehow embody inherent knowledge or truth about the people they contain. Mamdani asks, â€Å"How do you tell who is indigenous to the country and who is not? Given a history of migration, what is the dividing line between the indigenous and the nonindigenous? . He addresses the nationalist concern over entitlement to nation, and the indigenous wish to lay claim to culture. I understood that theories of hybridity, in clarifying the shifting and indefinite nature of culture, can serve as a tool that complicate the nationalist exclusionary practice of determining who does and does not have claim to a nation. From health care to immigration, h is arguments resonate loudly with current events. Similarly, we must consider the ways in which the â€Å"things† that give culture meaning are unfixed and variable, negating essentialist arguments about inherent meanings of culture. In The Predicament of Culture, James Clifford (1988) analyzes sites including anthropology, museums, and travel writing to take a critical ethnography of the West and its shifting relationships with other societies. He demonstrates how â€Å"other† national cultures are in fact fictions and mythical narratives, and we must ask the question of representation and who has the authority to speak for a group’s identity. In his article â€Å"Diasporas†, he suggests that â€Å"The old localizing strategies by bounded community, by organic culture, by region, by center and periphery may obscure as much as they reveal†. Diaspora is defined as a history of dispersal, myths/memories of the homeland, alienation in the host country, desire for eventual return, ongoing support of the homeland, and a collective identity importantly defined by this relationship. In this consideration of culture, we understand the vast connotations of displacement, from asking which history the diasporic should identify with to asking if it is even possible to return to a homeland one never knew or left long ago. Second, in the representation of culture, be it by petrifying culture in a museum or nailing it to an anthropological account, the risk lies in taking these subjective moments as truths or knowledge. Furthermore, the far-reaching diasporic symbols and narratives that snowball into this thing we call national culture suggest that culture is itself a traveler collecting artifacts from various locations along the way, and its walls are too insubstantial to be used as a means of exclusion. Third and perhaps most significant, hybridity in a postcolonial world muddles the very definitions of culture by which nations define themselves. Given that nationalism is founded upon a collective consciousness from shared loyalty to a culture, one would assume this culture is well-defined. Yet the â€Å"solid† roots of historical and cultural narratives that nations rely upon are diasporic, with mottled points of entry at various points in time. An investigation of the roots of cultural symbols like folk stories, religion, and music would reveal sources varied and wide-ranging. Furthermore, culture is defined in relationship to other cultures. Edward Said’s Orientalism (1979) offers a strong description of the system by which nations appropriate from others to define themselves. He suggests Orientalism â€Å"has helped to define Europe as its contrasting image, idea, personality, experience†. Using a theoretical framework influenced by Gramsci’s notion of hegemonic culture and Foucault’s notion of discourse, Said draws significant attention to the intricate and complex process by which the West must use the East to construct itself, its culture, its meaning. In an illuminating excerpt describing the process of Orientalism, he writes: To formulate the Orient, to give it shape, identity, definition with full recognition of its place in memory, its importance to imperial strategy, and its ‘natural’ role as an appendage to Europe; to dignify all the knowledge collected during colonial occupation with the title ‘contribution to modern learning; when the natives had neither been consulted nor treated as anything except as pretexts for a text whose usefulness was not to the natives; to feel oneself as a European in command, almost at will, of Oriental history, time, and geography to make out of every observable detail a generalization and out of every generalization an immutable law about the Oriental nature, temperament, mentality, custom, or type; and, above all, to transmute living reality into the stuff of texts, to possess actuality mainly because nothing in the Orient seems to resist one’s powers. † In a st ream of fragments, Said shows the diverse processes by which dominant cultures are formed at the service of Others. Using words like â€Å"shape,† â€Å"definition,† and â€Å"transmute,† he describes the act of defining nation and the artificial nature of these boundaries. Said offers a theoretical means by which to reject nationalist divisions between an us and Them, a West and Other. This conceptualization of the ways in which nations determine not only their own national identities, but the identities of Other is powerful in revealing the inherently hybrid roots of national culture. Studies of national identity are thus essential in deconstructing xenophobic nationalist claims to nation and the resulting miscegenation of immigrant Others. CONCLUSION This discussion draws from the body of postcolonial literature to suggest that studies of cultural hybridity are powerful in probing the bounded labels of race, language, and nation that maintain social inequalities. By examining how the hybrid can deconstruct boundaries within race, language, and nation, I understood that hybridity has the ability to empower marginalized collectives and deconstruct bounded labels, which are used in the service of subordination. In essence, hybridity has the potential to allow once subjugated collectivities to reclaim a part of the cultural space in which they move. Hybridity can be seen not as a means of division or sorting out the various histories and diverse narratives to individualize identities, but rather a means of reimagining an interconnected collective. Like the skin on a living body, the collective body has a surface that also feels and â€Å"Borders materialize as an effect on intensifications of feeling and individual and collective bodies surface through the very orientations we take to objects and others,† In the description that Formations our orientations can be shifted, our feelings towards Others transformed, there is a possibility of redefining our exclusionary systems of labeling. Furthermore, breaking down immaterial borders through explorations of hybridity offers the possibility of more effective public policy, one that refers to the broad expanse of its diverse population. Frenkel and Shenhav did an illuminating study on the ways in which studies of hybridity have allowed management and organization studies to manage their longstanding western hegemonic practices and to incorporate postcolonial insights into the organizational literature revolving around the relationships between Orientalism and organizations. The willingness of institutions to reform their long held ideologies in light of a changing world, as well as to consider their work through alternative lenses, is an essential practice in deconstructing the bindings of narratives-as-knowledge. In the boundary-shifting process, there is power in the notion of deconstruction in the service of reconstruction, breaking down boundaries in order to form a more inclusive sense of the collectivity. Furthermore, hybridity asserts the notion that representations of collective identity must be analyzed contextually. When we examine a representation of culture, be it in a film, poem, or speech, we should ask: Who is doing the representing? What are the implications of the representation? Why are they engaging in the process of representation? What is the historical moment that informs the representation? How are they being represented? In addition to the questions explored in this paper, I would recommend applying theories of hybridity to a realm beyond race and nation, in order to consider alternative boundaries such as gender and sexuality. The work of hybrid theorists from Bhabha to Said suggests that there is a vast intellectual landscape for cultural inquiries like these. Our mission must be to continue this work and to delve deeper. Cultural studies have great potential to liberate us from the socially-given boundaries that so stubbornly limit our capacity for thought and discussion, but we must take time to join in a collective critique of the knowledge we ingest and disperse. After all, the greatest power lies in the heart of the collective.